How to ask questions in German
In German, there are two main types of interrogative sentences: with and without the interrogative word. In addition, you can ask a question with a denial or a direct word order.
Instruction manual
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A special question is addressed to one of the members of the sentence and begins with the interrogative pronoun, adverb or pronoun (Was? / What ?, Wer? / Who ?, Warum? / Why, Wieviel? / How much ?, Wo? / Where ?, Wohin? / Where, Wann? / When ?, Wie? / How ?, Wozu? / Why ?, Woher? / Where ?, Wem? / Who ?, Welcher? / Which ?, Wessen? / Whose?). The conjugated part of the predicate takes second place. If the question does not apply to the subject, then it follows the predicate (verb in personal form), and the remaining members of the sentence line up, as in a narrative sentence. For example: Wie geht es Ihnen? - How are you?
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The second type of question (general) requires an affirmative or negative answer (yes or no). A proposal is built without the help of a question word. The question begins with the conjugated part of the predicate, followed by the subject and the remaining members of the sentence in the order they follow in the narrative sentence. For example: Sind Sie verheiratet? - Are you married?
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There are questions containing denial. Their peculiarity in the German language is that they require a positive answer through negation, and an affirmative answer through the word “doch” (negation of negation). For example: Bist du noch nich fertig? (Aren't you ready yet?) - Doch, ich bin schon fertig. (No, I'm ready) / Nein, ich brauche noch mehr Zeit. (No, I need a little more time.) You should also be aware of several ways of expressing negation in German (negation for verbs is “nicht”, negation for nouns is “kein”) and there is no need for re-negation (as in Russian) when using negative pronouns and adverbs: niemand / nobody, nichts / nothing, nie / niemals / never, nirgends / nowhere, ohne / without.
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A separate place is occupied by affirmative and interrogative sentences. They have a direct word order (as in a narrative sentence) and imply that the answer is yes. For example: Du willst Arzt werden, nicht wahr? (You want to be a doctor, right?)