How to determine the participle
Video: Grammar: How to use 'participle clauses' in English - BBC English Masterclass 2024, July
In everyday speech, people rarely think about which cases or participles should be used in a particular case, and they speak easily and naturally. But grammar, on the one hand, may seem too complicated, and on the other, it is it that shows all the richness and power of the Russian language. But believe me - not everything is as complicated as it seems. It is not difficult for you to determine the participle.
Instruction manual
one
Parse the sentence. Mark subject, predicate. This is the simplest thing that you probably know how to do since elementary school. The syntactic sign of gerimony is its dependence on the predicate, the participle in the sentence will be a circumstance that explains the predicate. A more often problematic point is to avoid confusion with the sacrament. Because the sacrament is also a verb form. But it has signs of an adjective that the participle does not have.
2
Check to see if the questionable word has signs of a verb. Those. Does the word mean action, does it have to do with action. A common grammatical sign of participles is the additional action of a person or object, which are indicated in the sentence to the subject. For example: Anton was riding the bus, falling asleep. Here the additional action of "falling asleep": Anton was driving and Anton was falling asleep. The participle is occasionally used in impersonal sentences and only when the subject (person) is expressed in the dative case: I had to confess by looking into my eyes. Or implies an indefinite generalization that can be applied to all persons in general. For example: reading a book, it was hard not to laugh.
3
Determine whether the word follows the verb within the meaning, whether it accompanies the verb, explaining the circumstances in question. Do you feel a verb form that strengthens, describes, conveys a state, clarifies or simultaneously accompanies another face action? For example: a dog was sitting in a booth, trembling from the cold. The dog sat and trembled in addition. At the same time, physically participle can also stand in front of a verb. For example: after talking, we parted (Under what conditions did we part?); we walked talking (How did we walk?). Thus, the participle explains the predicate, answering one of the questions: How? Under what conditions? When? What doing What have you done?
4
Do a morphological analysis of the word. The morphological sign of participles is a verb form that combines the attributes of a verb and an adverb. The imperfection of the imperfection is formed from the basis of the present tense by adding the suffix –a or –i: to travel - traveling, to breathe - breathing; suffix –uchi: to be - being, to look - vainly (folklore forms); sometimes the suffix –va: to lag behind - lagging behind, to be aware - conscious. The perfect participle is formed using the suffix -in, -lice, -shi: having opened, realized, dried up.