What does a Ph.D. degree mean?

The scientific degree "candidate of sciences" in Russia and the CIS exists since Soviet times, more precisely, since 1934. The degree of a candidate of sciences is an intermediate stage on the scientific path, starting from a specialist, ending with a doctor of sciences.

To whom, and in which cases the degree of “candidate of sciences” is awarded

The degree of “candidate of sciences” is awarded to applicants who:

- have higher education;

- conducted several studies on a selected topic;

- passed candidate exams;

- defended a thesis in accordance with the requirements established by law;

- proved the practical value and novelty of scientific ideas.

The difference between the degree of candidate of sciences in Russia from the western analogue of PhD

Domestic academic degree "candidate of sciences" is considered to be an analogue of Western PhD (pi-ni-di) - Doctor of Philosophy. Although in essence they are not equivalent. The Russian version implies a higher indicator of results of activities in the field of science. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the degree of “candidate of philosophical sciences” from the western counterpart of the doctor of philosophy (PhD).

What opportunities does the Ph.D.

The applicant, having embarked on a scientific path, must be aware of the goal for which he is ready to overcome many difficult stages to obtain a “candidate of science”. This title does not guarantee significant material wealth in the future. In any case, the return will not be fast. First, this is an addition to the salary of 10-15%. It is actually significant and appropriate for a prolonged continuation of scientific activity, labor activity at a university, work at a department, and participation in a competition for the title of professor or associate professor.