How to arrange commas correctly

Punctuation is a system of graphic punctuation marks and rules for their use. With its help, the text is drawn up: the text is divided, its focus and intonation pattern are determined. Knowledge of the rules of punctuation makes speech understandable and helps in mastering a complex level of language - syntax.

Instruction manual

one

Determine the role of commas in a sentence. Single characters are used for separation, paired characters are used for separation. Compare: "The heat is unbearable, the plain is treeless and the vastness of heaven" and "The bands of predawn fog, curling a blanket over a clearing, nickel and went into the black darkness of the forest." In the first case, the comma separates independent sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure, in the second case, the participial revolution is highlighted.

2

Most often, separating commas are used for homogeneous sentence members connected by an alliance-free connection: "Barges, boats, boards, logs, roofs, trees torn from the root ran along the waves." Please note: the separating comma is not set in steady revolutions (to talk about this, neither light or dawn woke up) nor is it used in compound names (cupronickel teaspoons).

3

Determine if repeating alliances are used in a proposal between homogeneous members. In this case, commas are placed, unlike constructions with single compositional unions. For example: "I managed to be at the rink and in the theater"; "I managed to be at the rink and in the theater."

4

Always use the separator comma before opposing unions (but, but, however, yes): "Everywhere it smells of blooming linden, and here it is especially." Note that the union "yes" can be connective, close in meaning to the union "and". In this case, the comma is not placed in front of him: "I was tormented by anxiety and a thirst for change."

5

A simple sentence can be complicated by separate, secondary members, sentences that stand out intonationally and in meaning, while acquiring relative independence. When deciding on the issue of doubles of a minor member of a sentence, consider:

- what word (part of speech) it refers to;

- how it is expressed, widespread or not;

- its location relative to the main word (before or after it, is separated or not by other members of the sentence);

- the presence or absence of additional semantic shades (for example, reasons, concessions).

6

When isolating definitions, applications, additions, or circumstances, be guided by specific punctuation rules, and not just pronounciation.

7

Use paired separating commas if the sentence is complicated by constructions that are not grammatically related to its other members. Such constructions include references, introductory words, and introductory sentences. For example: "My love, will I forget you?" - in the sentence, the introductory word “of course”.

eight

Separate simple sentences with complex sentences. To do this, find the grammatical basis, define the boundaries of simple sentences and place signs. For example, in the sentence “Spring shone in the sky, although the forest was still covered with snow in winter” there are two grammatical foundations - “spring shone” and “forest was covered”. This is a complex sentence, parts of which should be separated by a comma.