How to find the ending and the basis in the word

Words can be divided into smaller significant units - morphemes. In independent mutable words, the basis (“reading”, “evening”, “muffler”, “about”) and the ending (“house-a”, “beautiful”, “shore-u”) are distinguished, and in immutable - only the foundation.

Instruction manual

one

Basis is part of a mutable word without ending. For example, in the word "tree-o" - "tree-" will be the basis, and "-o" will be the ending. "Tree - tree - tree." The word is based on its lexical meaning, which is given in explanatory dictionaries. The basics are of two types: derivatives and non-derivatives. Derivatives can include suffixes and prefixes in addition to the root in the seed, and non-derivatives consist only of the root.

2

The ending is a variable significant part of the word, which serves to form the word form and connect the words in phrases and sentences. It carries only grammatical information. Immutable words have no ending.

3

Grammar has the concept of zero ending. It is “physically” absent in the variable word (in the form of letters and sounds), but even its absence carries certain information about the form of the word and its grammatical meanings. For example: "stupid - stupid" (short form of the adjective masculine singular); "bought-and-bought" (past tense of the verb masculine singular).

4

To determine and highlight the ending in a word, it is necessary to change it: "grass - grass", "I fly - flies", "new - newer." The part of the word that remains unchanged is the basis: “grass”, “lay down”, “new”, and the one that changes is the ending.

5

In Russian, a particular difficulty is the determination of the ending in words ending in "e", "e", "y", "I". If they follow a soft sign or other vowel. The difficulty is that all these letters denote two sounds. One of which belongs to the base of the word, and the other is the ending. For example, in the noun “assembly”, the sound “e” breaks up into “jэ”. In this case, “j” is included in the basis, and “e” is the ending: “collected'iij-e”. In order to prove this, it is necessary to decline the word: "gather-e-gather-a-gather-y."

• Word formation and morphogenesis, word composition in Russian
• how to find the basis in the word