Why are parts of speech needed?

Parts of speech are the most important grammar classes of words. They are divided into groups based on three common attributes: semantic (general grammatical meaning); morphological (grammatical categories of the word); syntactic (performing a specific function in a sentence). In addition, words of one part of speech may have a word-formation affinity.

Four types of speech are distinguished in modern Russian: independent, auxiliary parts of speech, modal words, interjections and onomatopoeic words. Independent parts of speech denote objects, signs, actions, processes and other phenomena of the surrounding reality. They are independent members of the sentence, verbal emphasis is put on them, a grammatical question is asked, and this distinguishes them from official words. The independent parts of speech have a definable lexical meaning. The following parts of speech of this type are distinguished: noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, verb, adverb. The issue of assigning the participles, germs and words expressing the category of status to the independent parts of speech is still controversial in linguistic science, but in the school course of the Russian language they are defined as independent. The service parts of speech, which include conjunctions, prepositions and particles, do not call phenomena of reality and do not have an independent lexical meaning. Their role is to point out the relationships that exist between objects and phenomena. Without performing a syntactic role in the sentence, they also have no verbal stress. Modal words stand out in a separate part of speech, because express the subjective attitude of the speaker to what is being discussed, how the statement is built, etc. In a sentence, they usually serve as introductory words. Interjections express the speaker’s feelings without naming them (oh, hooray, yeah, dear). Sound-imitation words in their phonetic design reproduce exclamations, sounds and cries made by animals, birds, sounds of natural phenomena, etc. In appearance, they are close to interjections, but differ from them in the absence of expression of feelings and will of the speaker. Onomatopoeia is used as an expressive means of reflecting reality (tick-tak, chick-tweet, fuck-tararah).